درس جميل ام اسر والله مجهود رائع جزاكي الله خيرا وزادك من عطائه وفيضه شكرا ياقمر
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النجم الفضي
درس جميل ام اسر والله مجهود رائع جزاكي الله خيرا وزادك من عطائه وفيضه شكرا ياقمر
النجم البرونزي
Lesson 14
Infinitives
Infinitive=to+simple form of the verb
to fall(infinitive)
fall(simple form of the verb)
Some verbs are followed immediately by an infinitive such as
بعض الافعال يأتى بعدها الفعل فى المصدر
hope to ,promise to, seem to ,ask to ,plan to ,agree to ,appear to ,expect to
,intend to , offer to ,pretend to ,would like to ,want to ,need to ,refuse to
,decide to
تأتى بمعنى أن to
Verb+infinitive
hope to see
pretend to be
ex:
I hope to see you again.
He promised to be here by 10.
Negative form:not precedes the infinitive
النفى يسبق المصدر
not to do
not to see
He promised not to be late.
Some verbs are followed by a pro(noun) and then an infinitive
بعض الافعال يأتى بعدها اسم او ضمير ثم المصدر
Verb+pro(noun)+infinitive
tell someone to ,invite me to ,ask me to ,encourage...to, permit....to,order
...to,expect.to,would like....to
ex:
The police ordered the driver to stop.
He advised me to study well.
Sometimes an infinitive is used as a subject
يأتى المصدر احيانا كفاعل
To ride in the midst of the street is dangerous=riding in the midst..........
to ride=riding(gerund)=subject
Some adjectives are followed by infinitives such as:
بعض الصفات يتبعها المصدر
glad to,sorry to,ready to,careful to,surprised to,happy to,sad to,prepared
to,pleased to,delighted to,upset to,proud to,eager to,lucky to,astonished to,.....
Ex:
We were sorry to hear the news.
I was surprised to see him in the meeting.
Infinitive come with (to,in order to) to express purpose to answer the question
why
يأتى مصدر الفعل ليوضح السبب باستخدام الكلمات السابقة
He came here to study English.
He came here in order to .....
to=in order to
Simple form come after Verbs such as:let,help,make,have,get
بعد هذه الافعال يأتى الفعل فى الشكل البسيط وليس المصدر
Ex:
My father let me drive his car.
My brother helped me to wash my car.
I made Ali carry my suitcase.
I had.....carry .......
I got ....to carry.........
(get +infinitive)
Some movies make me cry
عضو جديد
انا حابه اتعلم بس هل في دورات
النجم البرونزي
اهلا اختى الهناء
دى دروس فى القواعد لو حابة تتعلمى منها ولو حاجة صعبة وعايزة شرح اكتر ممكن تقوليلى
كمان الاخوات بيكتبوا دروس فى الانجليزى وكمان مواقع عشان تتعلمى منها
لو محتاجة دورات خارجية او كورسات ممكن تشوفى اقرب مركز تعليم لغات ليكى تتعلمى منه
واتمنى لك التوفيق
النجم البرونزي
Lesson15Singular and Plural
المفرد والجمع
A final -s is added to a noun to make a noun plural
تضف للمفرد لتحوله الى الجمعs
friend=singular
friends=plural
Final -es is added to words that end in -sh,-ch,-s,-x,-z
الكلمات التى تنتهى بهذه الحروف تضاف اليها
noun+es
wash----------washes
watch---------watches
class---------classes
buzz----------buzzes
box-----------boxes
For words that end in -y
قبله حرف متحرك
-If -y is preceded by a vowel,only -s is added
toy-------------toys
buy-------------buys
قبله حرف ساكن
-If -y is preceded by a consonant,the -y is changed to -i and -es is added
baby------------babies
cry-------------cries
Some nouns that end in -f simply add -s to form the plural
belief----------beliefs
chief-----------chiefs
cliff------------cliffs
Some nouns that end in -f or -fe are changed to -ves in the plural
تحول الى
f>>>>v+es
calf-------------calves
half-------------halves
knife------------knives
leaf-------------leaves
thief------------thieves
Some nouns have the same singular and plural form
بعض الاسماء لها مفرد وجمع واحد
deer/fish/means/series/sheep/species
Some nouns that end in -o add -es to form the plural
echo-----echoes
hero------heroes
----------tomatoes
----------potatoes
Some nouns that end in -o add only -s to form the plural
auto----autos
photo---photos
tattoo---tattoos
Some nouns that end in -o add either s or es to form the plural
volcano----volcanos/volcanoes
zero-------zeros/zeroes
Some nouns have irregular plural
بعض الاسماء لها جمع شاذ يحفظ كما هو
man-men
woman-women
mouse-mice
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
goose-geese
criterion-criteria
bacterium-bacteria
datum-data
medium-media
crisis-crises
basis-bases
oasis-oases
thesis-theses
كل الحروف الانجليزية ساكنة ماعدا
e-i-u-o-a
عضو نشيط
جزاك الله خيرا
وانا متابعة معى
النجم البرونزي
Lesson 16
Countable and non countable nouns
الاسماء التى تعد والاسماء التى لا تعد
I bought a chair.Sam bought three chairs.
Chair is a count noun.
We bought some furniture.
Furniture is non count noun.
A count noun may be preceded by a/an in the singular,and takes a final s/es in the
plural
الاسم الذى يعد يتعامل معامله المفرد والجمع
a chair/chairs
a book/books
an eye/eyes
Non countable nouns can not take a/an in the singular,and can not take s in the
plural
الاسم الذى لا يعد لا يجمع ولا يوضع قبله علامه المفرد
a furniture(wrong)
furnitures(wrong)
امثلة للاسماء التى لا تعد
Non countable nouns are:
Fluids:water,coffee,oil,soup,milk,tea
Solids:ice,bread,butter,meat,silver,wood,....
Gases:steam,air,oxygen,smoke,pollution
dust,chalk,grass,pepper,salt,sand,wheat,hair,..... .
Abstractions:
beauty,confidence,courage,enjoyment,laughter,help, happiness,sleep,advice,news,proof
,truth,wealth,information,justice,luck,music,hones ty,pride,progress,.....
Languages:English,Arabic,...
Activities:driving,studying,traveling,walking,swimming,...
Recreation:Football,baseball,volleyball,chess,tennis,...
Natural phenomena:weather,fog,hail,dew,light,sunshine,fire,rain,sno w,...
Whole groups made up of similar items:
furniture,jewelery,baggage,hardware,traffic,garbag e,mail,money,...
Expressions of Quantity may precedes a noun.Some of them are used with countable
nouns,others with noun cont nouns,some with either count or noun count nouns
هناك تعبيرات تأتى قبل الاسم الذى يعد فقط واخرى للذى لا يعد واخرى للاثنين معا
one apple
two apple
every apple
each apple
a few apples
many apples
several ...
a number of ...
other words are:most,plenty of,some,no,not any,all,.....
Non countable expressions:
تعبيرات يمكن استخدامها للاسماء التى لا تعد
a loaf of bread(right)
(a bread/breads)wrong
a drop of rain
much money
little rice
some rice
all rice
a bit of
a lot of
plenty of
I have a bit of information.
I do not have much money.
There is plenty of food here
عضو
جزيتي خير يا ام اسر
انا متابعه لكم ونزلت واحتفظت بكل الدروس لاني محتاجه ليها كتيررررررر
وبانتظار البقيه اذا لسه في باقي
ومشكووووووووووووووووووووووووره
النجم البرونزي
شكرا لكم وجزاكم الله خيرا
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