Lesson 10

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Transitive verbs are followed by an object such asيتبعها مفعول به
raise,set,lay,.......,etc

example:

Tom raised his head("his head" is in object)توم رفع قبعته

I will set the book on the desk("the book" is an object)

Intransitive verbs are not followed by an object such as
rise,sit,lie

example:

The sun rises from the east(there is no object)الشمس تشرق من الشرق
الفعل لم يأتى بعده مفعول به وانما جار ومجرور

I sit in the front row-----------no object

واللة محتاجينها اكثربارك اللة فيك

Lesson 11

The Passive المبنى للمجهول

Form :OBJECT+ BE+past participle (p.p.)

In the passive,the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb
عند بناء الجملة للمجهول يصبح المفعول به للفعل المبنى للمعلوم هو الفاعل للفعل المبنى للمجهول

ex:
Active:Mary(subject) helps John(object).
Passive:John(subject) is helped by Mary.


Only transitive verbs are used in the passive
الافعال التى لها مفعول به فقط هى التى يمكن بنائها للمجهول
verbs like "happen,sleep,come" are not possible to use in the passive because there is no object

ex:
Active:An accident happened.(no object)
Passivenone)

The passive is used when it is not known or not important to know who performs an action
يستخدم المبنى للمجهول عندما لا يكون الفاعل معروفا او اذا كان غير مهم معرفة الفاعل
The "by phrase"is included only if it is important to know who performs an action.

Mary helped the boy(object)
the boy (object)was helped by Mary(subject

التكوين العام له هو:المفعول به ثم فعل "يكون" فى نفس زمن الجمله الاصلية ثم
التصريف الثالث للفعل الموجود بالجملة

simple present:Mary helps John_________________John is helped by Mary
present progressive:Mary is helping John_______John is being helped by Mary
present perfect:Mary has helped John___________John has been helped .......
simple past:Mary helped John___________________John was helped ..........

past progressive:Mary was helping John_________John was being helped......
past perfect:Mary had helped John______________John had been helped........
simple future:Mary will help John______________John will be helped.....
future perfect:Mary will have helped John______John will have been helped

تسلمي ام اسر والله ممتاز الانجليزي هوايتي ودراستي لكن القواعد معقداني ههههههههه خلاص انا معاكي وشكرا ياقمر

جزاك الله خيرا
وجعله فى ميزان حسناتك متابعه معك

Lesson12

The passive form of modal verbs

Modal verbs are also called auxiliary verbs الافعال المساعدة
Modal verbs are "will,shall,must,ought to,can,would,should,could"

past of will__________would
.......shall__________should
.......can____________could
.......may____________might

The passive form:modal+be+p.p.

ex:

Tom will be invited to the party.
The window can't be opened.
Children should be taught to respect their elders.
May I be excused from the class?

Past form of passive:modal(past)+have been+p.p.

The letter should have been sent last week.كان يجب ان يُرسل الخطاب الاسبوع الماضى
This house must have been built over 20 years ago.كان يجب ان يُبنى المنزل منذ 20 سنة

شكرا لكم يا اخواتى على الرد

Lesson 13

Gerunds

A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun .It is used in the same way as
a noun,as a subject or an object
اذا اضيف الى الفعلing يتحول الى اسم
ويأخذ كل وظائف الاسم
يمكن ان يعمل كفاعل او مفعول به او مفعول به لحرف جر
ex:
1-Playing tennis is fun.
Playing is a gerund It is used here as the subject of the sentence
هنا تعمل كفاعل للجملة

We enjoy playing tennis.
Playing here is the object of the sentence
هنا مفعول به

Gerund may be an object of a preposition,it is preceded by a preposition such as

about,of,to,......
هنا مفعول به لحرف جر(يسبقه حرف جر
3-He is excited about playing tennis.
Playing is an object of a preposition.

Gerunds are used as objects of certain verbs.Some verbs are followed by -ing such
as enjoy,quit,give up

بعض الافعال يأتى بعدها الفعل مضافا اليهing
4-I enjoy playing tennis.

Go is followed by a gerund to express activities.

ex:
go sailing ,go dancing, go shopping , go fishing,..........

Did you go fishing?
We went sailing yesterday.

List of verbs followed by gerunds:

admit-advise-anticipate-appreciate-avoid-complete-consider-delay-deny-discuss-

dislike-enjoy-finish-keep-recall-resist-stop-risk-suggest-understand-miss-mind-

mention-postpone-remember-regret-resent-can't help-forget.



Negative form:not precedes A gerund

للنفى يضاف قبله not
we talked about not going to the meeting

دروس رائعة و مفيدة

بارك الله فيك و نفع بك

دروس رائعة و مفيدة....
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