بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

(من نفس عن مؤمن كربة نفس الله عنة كربة من كرب يوم القياااااامة ) (ومن يسر على معسر يسر الله علية في الدنيا والاخرة والله في عون العبد مادام العبد في عون أخيـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــة )

أنجدووووني يأحلى وأغلى أعضااااااااااء


طلبت منااا مدرسة الانجليزي هداها الله

موضوووووع عن البيئة أوالدورة الطبيعية على الارض طبعا بالانجليزي ( ممكن عن التلوث البيئي أو الصحة في البيئة أو الهواء الصحي أو عن الدخاااان او عن المااء اواواواو )

وإسم البيئة بالانجليزي environment ويااااااليت يااابنااااات تسااااعدوني الله يخليييييييكم ويسعدكم ويوفقكم في دراستكم

أبية اليووووم أو بكرى بس ياااليت اليوووووم
يااااابناااااات متووكلة على الله ثم عليكم وطبعاااا أنا ببحث ولي تجيبلي موضووع بدعيلهااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااامن قلب
أفزعوولي يااابنوتااااات [CENTER] مااااالتجئت الا لله ثم لكم خليكم عند حسن الظن وأناااااا عااارفاااتكم

أستنااااااااااكم اليوم يااابنااااااات

شــــــــــــــــــــوق

كسرتي خاطري

ياحبيلك والله اني حسيت فيك واقسم بالله اني دورت وحست وفتشت في كل مكان على موضوعك

مالقيت sid

انلحس مخي بغيت اقلب امريكيه اسم الله علي

لكن ماعليك راح اجتهد وادور وابحث ولن استسلم تستاهلين ياعرزي












عاد ادعي لي عن تعبي

ترى والله جد ما اكذب والله اني دورت مالقيت لاني ابيلك واحد سنع مع الترجمه مو حي الله

الله يوفقك يارب وانا بجتهد وادور

والله اني اموووووووووووووووووت في الانقليزي



















بس من جنبها ما اعرف شي كنت اتمنى اساعدك.........

ان شاء الله ممكن الاخوات يساعدونك فى الملتقى العلمى

من هنا برامج الأمم المتحدة لصون البيئة الطبيعية وبه عدة مباحث
http://www.unep.org/MediaRoom/pressrelease/Default.asp
وبه
الأطفال و البيئة
http://www.unep.org/Tunza/Children/Story-Time/index.asp
وقائمة بها العديد من المباحث للأطفال
http://www.unep.org/tunza/children/M...arth/index.asp
ومن هنا البيئة والشباب ويوجد عدة مواضيع
http://www.unep.org/tunza/youth/
ومن هنا رابط به بيئة الارض ومئات البحوث والمواضيع
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&l...t+&btnG=Search
ومن هنا 19400 صور عن البيئة الارضية
http://images.google.com/images?q=%2...r=&sa=N&tab=wi



بالتوفيق

كتبت بواسطة الخطيـــــــره

شــــــــــــــــــــوق

كسرتي خاطري

ياحبيلك والله اني حسيت فيك واقسم بالله اني دورت وحست وفتشت في كل مكان على موضوعك

مالقيت sid

انلحس مخي بغيت اقلب امريكيه اسم الله علي

لكن ماعليك راح اجتهد وادور وابحث ولن استسلم تستاهلين ياعرزي












عاد ادعي لي عن تعبي

ترى والله جد ما اكذب والله اني دورت مالقيت لاني ابيلك واحد سنع مع الترجمه مو حي الله

الله يوفقك يارب وانا بجتهد وادور

خـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــطيرة ياااااااااااااحبيلك
والله استاااااااااااانست يوم قرأيت ردك نسيتيني حتى الموضوع واقسم بالله اني حبيتـــــــــــــــــك من جد
خطيرررررررة يااااااحبيلك يااااتسبدي بس كذا الصديقاااااات ولا بلاااااااااش
كل شي ولا مخك يجيلة شي

أسعدتينييييييييييييييييي يأحلى خطوووورة يااليتك من زماااااان داااخلة بالمنتدى ويالله تشرفنااااااا بمعرفتك
ياااخطخط
شوووفي من يوووووم ورايح انتي أختي ومو أي أخت أخت من أم وأب
يااااااااارب يوفقك ويباارك فيك ويسعدك وينووووووووووووووور لك دربك ويبعد عنك كل حززززن
ويجمعناااااااا وايااااااك في الدنيااااااا قبل الاخرة وتعرسين ونحضر عرسك من زوج صااااالح خطير مثلك تسلميييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييي ن يااااخطخط
والله دعووتي من قلب
وتسلمييييييييين على الموضووووووع أعتبرية وصللللللللللللل
شووفي ياااااخطخط اذا بغيتي شي قوليلي غير الانجليزي معااااااك

بوووسي الف شكر على الرد وعلى النقل


لمووونة تساااعديني بشي تاااني تسلميييييين يالغلاا على الرد حتى انا أحب الانقلش بس هالمرة


الدهليز الله يجعلك في عليييييييييين ويسدد خطااااااااك ويفرج همك ويوفقك في دينك ودنيااااااااك

وجعلة في موااازين حسنااااتك الف الف الف الف الف الف شكررررررر أخي الكرييييييييييييم بوورك فيك

صحيح إني وصلت متأخرة نوعا ما


بس ما يضر إذا كتبت لك موضوع كنت قد كتبته لأخت قبلك هنا في المنتدى وهو يتحدث عن المياه الجوفية لعل وعسى يفيدك



What is ground water?
Ground water is the part of precipitation that seeps down through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated with water. Ground water slowly moves underground, generally at a downward angle (because of gravity), and may eventually seep into streams, lakes, and oceans.



Here is a simplified diagram showing how the ground is saturated below the water table (the purple area). The ground above the water table (the pink area) may be wet to a certain degree, but it does not stay saturated. The dirt and rock in this unsaturated zone contain air and some water and support the vegetation on the Earth. The saturated zone below the water table has water that fills the tiny spaces (pores) between rock particles and the cracks (fractures) of the rocks.


Why is there ground water?
A couple of important factors are responsible for the existence of ground water:
(1) Gravity

Nothing surprising here - gravity pulls water toward the center of the Earth. That means that water on the surface will try to seep into the ground below it.
(2) The Rocks Below Our Feet


The rock below the Earth's surface is the bedrock . If all bedrock consisted of a dense material like solid granite, then even gravity would have a hard time pulling water downward. But Earth's bedrock consists of many types of rock, such as sandstone, granite, and limestone. Bedrocks have varying amounts of void spaces in them where ground water accumulates. Bedrock can also become broken and fractured, creating spaces that can fill with water. And some bedrock, such as limestone, are dissolved by water -- which results in large cavities that fill with water.

In many places, if you looked at a vertical cross-section of the earth you would see that rock is laid down in layers, especially in areas of sedimentary rocks . Some layers have rocks that are more porous than others, and here water moves more freely (in a horizontal manner) through the earth. Sometimes when building a road, the layers are revealed by road cuts, and water can be seen seeping out through the exposed layers.
Try as it might, gravity doesn't pull water all the way to the center of the Earth. Deep in the bedrock there are rock layers made of dense material, such as granite, or material that water has a hard time penetrating, such as clay. These layers may be underneath the porous rock layers and, thus, act as a confining layer to retard the vertical movement of water. Since it is more difficult for the water to go any deeper, it tends to pool in the porous layers and flow in a more horizontal direction across the aquifer toward an exposed surface-water body, like a river.

Visualize it this way: get two sponges and lay one on top of the other. Pour water (precipitation) on top and it will seep through the top sponge downward into the bottom sponge. If you stopped adding water, the top sponge would dry up and, as the water dripped out of the bottom sponge, it would dry up too. Now, put a piece of plastic wrap between the sponges, creating your "confining layer" (making the bottom sponge an impermeable rock layer that is too dense to allow water to flow through it). Now when you pour water on the top sponge, the water will seep downward until it hits the plastic wrap. The top sponge will become saturated, and when the water hits the plastic wrap it won't be able to seep into the second sponge. Instead, it will start flowing eways and come out at the edges of the sponge (horizontal flow of ground water). This happens in the earth all the time -- and it is an important part of the water cycle.

Information on this page is from Waller, Roger M., Ground Water and the Rural Homeowner, Pamphlet, U.S. Geological Survey, 1982


Ground water: Wells
There's a good chance that the average Joe who had to dig a well in ancient Egypt probably did the work with his hands, a shovel, and a bucket. He would have kept digging until he reached the water table and water filled the bottom of the hole. Some wells are still dug by hand today, but more modern methods are available. It's still a dirty job, though !
Wells are extremely important to all societies. In many places wells provide a reliable and ample supply of water for home uses, irrigation, and industries. Where surface water is scarce, such as in deserts,people couldn't survive and thrive without ground water.

Types of wells
Digging a well by hand is becoming outdated today (would YOU want to do it?). Modern wells are more often drilled by a truck-mounted drill rig . Still, there are many ways to put in a well -- here are some of the common methods.
Dug wells
Hacking at the ground with a pick and shovel is one way to dig a well. If the ground is soft and the water table is shallow,then dug wells can work. They are often lined with stones to prevent them from collapsing. They cannot be dug much deeper than the water table -- just as you cannot dig a hole very deep when you are at the beach... it keeps filling up with water!

Driven wells

Driven wells are still common today. They are built by driving a small-diameter pipe into soft earth, such as sand or gravel. A screen is usually attached to the bottom of the pipe to filter out sand and other particles. Problems? They can only tap shallow water, and because the source of the water is so close to the surface, contamination from surface pollutants can occur.

Drilled wells

Most modern wells are drilled, which requires a fairly complicated and expensive drill rig. Drill rigs are often mounted on big trucks. They use rotary drill bits that chew away at the rock, percussion bits that smash the rock, or, if the ground is soft,large auger bits . Drilled wells can be drilled more than 1,000 feet deep. Often a pump is placed at the bottom to push water up to the surface.

Water Levels in Wells
Ground-water users would find life easier if the water level in the aquifer that supplied their well always stayed the same. Seasonal variations in rainfall and the occasional drought affect the "height" of the underground water level. If a well is pumped at a faster rate than the aquifer around it is recharged by precipitation or other underground flow, then water levels around the well can be lowered. The water level in a well can also be lowered if other wells near it are withdrawing too much water. When water levels drop below the levels of the pump intakes, then wells will begin to pump air - they will "go dry."
Information on this page is from Waller, Roger M., Ground Water and the Rural Homeowner, Pamphlet, U.S. Geolgoical Survey, 1982



Water is recharged to the ground-water system by percolation of water from precipitation and then flows to the stream through the ground-water system.

الوهاااااااااااااج


مااااااني مصدقة أكيد عيني فيهااااا شي كل هذا لي الله يخليك ويسعدك ويييييين مااااكنتِ ويوووفقك ويسدد خطاااكي ويجمعنااا واياااااك في الفردوس الاعلى من الجنــــــــة

تسلمييييييييين يااقلبي وهوووووجة

وتسلم أنااااملك على هالتعب خوذي أجااازة يومين تسلمييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييين